Middle Grades 4-8 Praxis Study Blogs

Some MORE important Terminologies that are related to the different Learning Theories we should know: Multiple intelligences  Based on Gardner's Theory there are eight different intelligences that function independent of each other linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal Self-efficacy: A student's belief that he or she can succeed in a particular task or goal. The student must know what actions to perform and how well these actions need to be performed. Relates to students' choices, effort, persistence and quality of problem solving on tasks Students with high self -efficacy tend to take more control over their learning, try to find better study habits and extend more effort (increases motivation and metacognition)  Constructivism: The idea that students are active knowledge producers and able to construct their own knowledge, ideas and concepts. Teachers are acting as facilitators and providing

Some important Terminologies that are related to the different Learning Theories: Assimilation: (Piaget) incorporation of incoming information; the process of a student taking some experience or piece of information and finding a home for it in the student's existing knowledge structure Accommodation: (Piaget) changing existing existing mental mental structures and concepts to incorporate incoming information experience; students reconstructing information knowledge so that it can be assimilated Students seek mental stability-"equilibrium"  A balance between assimilation and accommodation that will eventually help student move onto higher level thinking and further analysis  Adaptation: (Sternberg) Students practicing effective behaviors within a particular social system Sternberg mentions adaptation when he talks about his Theory of Successful Intelligence Highlights the importance of the correlation between individuals and their environment Students

One of my wonderful classmates shared with me some helpful links that provide detailed information about the  Praxis Core Exam & Important Certification Requirements !  PDE's certification requirements are spelled out pretty clearly here: http://www.portal.state.pa.us/ portal/server.pt/community/pa_ certification/8635/ certification_requirements/ 506743 More specifically, here are the actual TESTS that are required. Scroll to the bottom and click on the first PDF download under the  Contents  heading titled "Testing Requirements by Certificate Type" http://www.portal.state.pa.us/ portal/server.pt/community/ testing_requirements/8638 These requirements are also spelled out on the Praxis site, which also tells you the test codes for the Core and Concentration tests. (Click on Middle Level, 4-8) http://www.ets.org/praxis/pa/ requirements

*** Disney's Pixar movie "A Bug's Life" was playing on TV. One part of the movie really go my attention! It was the part when Flick is trying to use a rock as a metaphor to explain how a small seed can grow into a tree. He is trying to explain it to this young ant, but she jus does not seem to understand it. Here is a short clip of the scene I found on YouTube:) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Mzas1vgcIo So what does this have to do with Piaget's Stages of Development? The little young ant does not understand that Flick is using the rock as an abstract concept. He goes into this whole explanation about how this "seed" will eventually grow into a tree. The little ant argues that it is still a rock! I thought this was an example of one of Piaget's four stages of development. The little ant is at the concrete operational stage of cognitive development. She is able to make logical conclusions and know that it is a rock, but not yet abl

How do students organize their thoughts, incoming information and new ideas? How are they able to draw conclusions and make connections? Part of this has to do with the student's Schema or their social illustrations and representations to organize, understand and categorize knowledge and skills (things, events and procedures)  Schema Theory = Cognitive Psychology =   Piaget's theory of Cognitive Constructivism Children construct their knowledge using social and mental concepts Students are active learners and create mental representations Assimilation v. Accommodation    Interaction between existing and incoming information in order to achieve stability  Assimilation is when a student is able to understand and incorporate new information Accommodation is when the student changes his/her pre-existing knowledge to adjust with the new information.  Can also be seen as reconstructing their knowledge  EXAMPLE When I was observing a classroom for my Commun

While I was watching the The Learning Classroom 3,  I came across something really interesting that happened in Fe Maclean's 4th grade classroom. Fe Maclean likes to have her students work in groups. She believes in the importance of having helpers and being helpers. There was one part of the video where it seemed like the two students were trying to write a sentence to describe a setting: Boy 1: " They picked out the fire." Boy 2: "No...they put out the fire." Boy 1: "Oh yeah~ good idea." This kind of exercise and learning emulates Vygotsky's principle of  social constructivism and how  students construct knowledge by interacting with more knowledgeable others . This kind of social interaction among peers and even teachers can help students develop new ideas and gain more insight on concepts they did not understand before. An example that came to mind was when in class, we were asked to do a pair share of our responses about the absence

Here is a PDF link to access the Praxis Study Guide and Overview of the topics covered: http://www.ets.org/s/praxis/pdf/5152.pdf I will be focusing on the Topics Covered on page 7: Item 1. Adolescents as Learners